At Tier One Rankings, powered by Nishlis Legal Marketing, we’re thrilled to welcome Robert Charters, Lena Martin and Blessing Adeagbo to our expanding team. With their arrival, our lineup now includes seven former Chambers editors and researchers—a testament to our deep expertise in legal marketing, submissions for legal directories and rankings strategy.

As Chambers Global 2026 research kicks off, we’ve shared practical advice on referee communication—don’t let key feedback go unheard. Read our Referee Management Tips by former Chambers researcher Blessing Adeagbo to maximize impact.

Referees account for 55% of your score in Chambers—ignoring them is a costly mistake. Staying on this subject, Senior Editor at Tier One Rankings and former Chambers editor, Laurence Mussett, together with our team of former Chambers researchers have put together some advice for what to do and how to handle issues with referees during Chambers research.

Chambers Europe 2025 Rankings are out, senior editor Chris Lahr presents key insights related to the guide launch. highlights include:

• Spain: Tech boom & new players

• Romania: Leading in female representation

• Benelux: Rise of ESG litigation

• Austria: New TMT rankings

• Switzerland: Sports Law debuts

Lastly, huge congratulations to everyone featured in Legal 500 EMEA 2024! We’re proud to support our clients and cheer on the BD, Marketing & Directories professionals behind the scenes.

Click here to read the full monthly newsletter: https://tinyurl.com/yrfb8umr

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Robert Charters, joining as a Legal Directories Editor, brings a decade of experience from Chambers and Partners, where he played a pivotal role in writing and editing Insight reports, managing workflows, and developing new product ideas. His in-depth knowledge of global legal markets will be invaluable in helping clients refine their submissions with clarity and strategic impact.

Lena Martin, a Submissions Consultant, previously worked at Chambers and Partners as a Research Analyst – EMEA, before being promoted to Senior Research Analyst – EMEA. In these roles, she gained extensive experience in evaluating legal markets, conducting research across multiple jurisdictions, and analysing top law firms and practitioners.

With a team of seven former Chambers Editors and Researchers, including Chris Lahr, Laurence Mussett, Lee Saunders, Blessing Adeagbo and Eleni Chalkidou, Tier One Rankings continues to offer unparalleled insight, precision, and strategic guidance in directory submissions.

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This point cannot be overemphasised. For most directories, referees are a key part of their methodology. This is because, speaking to referees gives the directories the most possibility of receiving unbiased feedback about the firm, and its all-round service that goes beyond the substance of the work itself. For Chambers, referee response can contribute to roughly 55% of the research methodology. Therefore, to think that referees are not important or to not pay attention to them can be a costly mistake. 

Availability trumps popularity 

In choosing referees for a research cycle, it is important to consider who is available and will have the time to speak to the researchers or complete the survey forms. The referee does not have to be the CEO or COO of the client’s company. It is enough to have an integral member of the team, who may not be as popular or senior on the team but has the time and knowledge to provide the feedback and information needed for the research process. 

Familiarity over seniority 

This point flows from point 2 above. The chosen referee should be a person familiar with the team of lawyers and the advice provided to the client in the past year. Ideally, the referee should be the person that has liaised with the firm and lawyers on the matters, who is able to describe the work sufficiently, mention the names of the lawyers active on the matter and what the roles of each lawyer was on the matter. The closer you get to choosing a referee to meet all of these requirements, the better. Similarly, the referee should be the person that has worked with the team recently (preferably in the past year) to ensure that their feedback is relevant to the research, and they also have fresh remembrance of the team of lawyers and their roles on the matter. The referees should also be a good mix of existing and new clients. Existing clients already know how the team works, would most likely be more familiar with the team members and may be more comfortable speaking about the team. Including new clients helps to add some diversity to the referee list and to ensure that the same list of names are not recycled year after year. 

Prior notice is key 

No one enjoys being barged with multiple emails about some research that they know nothing about. It is important to inform referees in advance or at the start of research so that they can expect to receive the emails from researchers and attend to them. Even if the referee is familiar with the directory and has been part of the research in past years, there is no harm in informing them that they will be contacted again, this time for the research.  

Remember to follow up 

It is not enough to inform the referee that they will be contacted, it is helpful that firms follow up with their referees to find out if they got the researchers’ emails and if they have provided feedback. By now, spam filters, firewall blocks should sound familiar as they almost always happen with some referees when they are contacted. Following up helps to know if there are such issues and helps to ensure that they get sorted on time. If the firm has subscribed to tools like the Chambers Referee Management Tool, it will be helpful to maximise the use of these tools to track the status of the referee feedback rates. There are times when it may be helpful to also follow up with researchers about referees, as researchers are busy, it is important to not overdo the follow up process. For our thoughts on the best approach to following up with referees and researchers, see here.

Always remember, written feedback is possible

Rather than not providing any feedback at all, you can encourage your busy referees to provide written feedback to the directories. Most directories provide surveys to referees, even where they request calls, they will most likely accommodate written feedback via surveys, questionnaires and even emails. Encourage your clients to explore this option where their schedule does not permit getting on calls within the timeframe of the research. 

Guidelines matter 

It is typical of directories to state the maximum number of referees that they want each firm to put forward for each practice area. It is important to comply with this instruction by ensuring that enough referees are put forward and that extras are not too much. Also, where, as with Chambers and Partners, there are specific instructions as to the number of referees each referring partner can put forward, it is important to comply with such instructions. This is to ensure that all referees are contacted for the purpose of the research, and some are not left out simply because some partners put forward more names than they should. 

Non-client referees

It is worthy of note that referees can be other people apart from clients. They can include lawyers on the same side (not at your firm), or on the other side of deals, third parties such as professionals advising on the same deals like accountants, tax advisers, etc., arbitrators, barristers, and so on. In deciding to put forward any non-client referee, it is important to inform them in advance and pay attention to their availability, familiarity with the matter and the team at the firm and other necessary points mentioned above. 

Running out of time? Your referee list can help out 

If you are ever running out of time with the submissions and research is about to start, uploading the referee list in the meantime helps to save the day. While you ask for that extension or try to get the submission done as quickly as possible, the uploaded referee list gives the researchers something to work with and they can contact referees already while awaiting the submission. 

Next time you are preparing a referee list for the purpose of a directory research, consider all the points above and see how helpful those referee comments can be for achieving your ranking goals. 

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Ranking Statistics: Key Figures Across Jurisdictions

Spain demonstrated an 8% increase in ranked departments, bringing the total to 684. The rankings expanded to include 11 new firms, with 1,539 individual lawyer rankings, including 63 star associates. Additionally, there was a notable 9% rise in junior partners ranked, bringing the count of up-and-comers to 85.

Romania increased to 134 department rankings and 246 lawyer rankings. The country now leads Europe in female lawyer representation, with 53% of its ranked lawyers being women.

The Benelux region saw department rankings rise from 720 to 778, and the number of ranked firms grew from 188 to 200. Austria’s department rankings expanded from 228 to 253, while Switzerland’s rankings increased from 209 to 223.

Competition law rankings saw slight growth, with 649 submissions, 445 departments across 298 firms, and 877 ranked lawyers, including 83 new individuals entering the rankings.

Spain and Romania: Market Growth and Notable Developments

Key market trends in Spain include growing interest from Latin American investors, evolving regulatory developments, and Barcelona’s rise as a technology hub, although Madrid remains the country’s dominant legal market. Significant structural updates to the rankings were also introduced, including the separation of arbitration and litigation tables in dispute resolution, the launch of the first-ever ESG rankings table, and the opening of submissions for a new transportation table.

Romania’s legal market has seen notable expansion in corporate M&A, competition law, and dispute resolution, reinforcing its growing regional influence.

Benelux, Austria, and Switzerland: Regional Market Shifts

In the Netherlands, standalone tables for arbitration and litigation were introduced, while mass torts emerged as a significant trend, highlighting the increasing prominence of collective actions. ESG litigation, particularly greenwashing claims, is gaining traction in the Dutch market.

Belgium, despite some uncertainty linked to political changes, remains relatively stable. In Austria, the introduction of a new TMT Data Protection section reflects a growing area of legal focus. However, Austria’s market has been affected by the insolvency of Signa, signaling deeper economic concerns. Luxembourg’s real estate sector faced challenges, although fund financing and fund litigation experienced growth.

Switzerland reflects cautious optimism in its transactional market despite underlying concerns. The country also saw the introduction of a dedicated Sports table.

Competition Law Trends: Evolving Legal Challenges

Competition law remains a dynamic area, with significant growth in contentious competition-related work, particularly follow-on damages claims. The enforcement of the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) regime and foreign subsidies regulation is gaining prominence, with potential shifts expected depending on the outcome of the U.S. presidential election.

The EU’s Digital Markets Act enforcement is a key area to monitor, while ESG-related competition work remains limited, except for cases linked to greenwashing. The food and retail sectors are seeing an increase in competition investigations due to the ongoing cost-of-living crisis. Additionally, ‘no-poach’ agreements are becoming an increasingly relevant topic for competition law specialists.

Upcoming Webinars and Further Engagement

To assist firms in navigating the evolving research landscape, Chambers will host the following upcoming webinars:

• Europe Research Webinar – Hosted by Thomas Morton Green on April 8, 2025.
• Spain Research Webinar – Hosted by Camilla Russo on April 10, 2025.

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There can be times however when a researcher struggles to get in touch with a particular referee. Their emails may bounce or be caught in spam filters for example, or their contact details may not be updated- sometimes an email can just be missed by that referee. To help ensure that your firm is getting as much feedback as possible, this is what we recommend if you experience any issues:

• When research begins, notify all of your referees to expect emails from Chambers. (The research schedule will note when it begins and can be found here: https://chambers.com/about-us/research-schedule/ ) Chambers will always get in touch by email first, either with a survey or an invitation to a phone interview.
• If you have access to the Research Management Tool, you can check it regularly to update on progress. If there are particular problems with a certain referee, the RMT will flag them and offer advice on what to do.
• If a referee has been flagged as ‘Unsubscribed’ by the RMT, this means that referee has signified to Chambers that they do not want to receive any of their correspondence, in which case a researcher will not reach out to them. This can be remedied by forwarding written consent from the referee to the researcher. They can then get in touch with that referee as normal.
• If a referee notes that they have not received Chambers’ correspondence, we do not recommend just asking the researcher to send another email. It will likely be an ineffective approach, because any further emails could suffer from the same issue that the first one did (whatever that issue may be, eg spam filter, bouncing back or being accidentally missed.)
• Instead, we would recommend that around one week after research starts, follow up with referees encouraging them to respond to the Chambers researcher. Your email should note that if they have not heard from Chambers, they can reach out to the researcher directly providing their feedback about the firm and lawyers. You can also include the researcher’s email address in this reminder.
• To save time and back and forth, the referee can just put their thoughts into an email and send it straight to the researcher- alternatively, they can get in touch and ask the researcher for a questionnaire.
• Research typically closes around 4 weeks after it begins, so all feedback should be sent in by then (larger sections may have longer research windows.)

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Dual-qualified in Nigeria and England & Wales, Blessing combines her legal knowledge with strong analytical and communication skills. Currently pursuing a PhD in Law, she will play a key role in liaising with clients, managing submissions, and ensuring seamless communication with Editors.

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• 13,756 Department or Organisation Rankings
• 29,840 Lawyer Rankings
• 3,060 Newly Ranked Lawyers
• 2,522 Up-and-Comers and Associates to Watch

General Counsel Insights and Strategic Assessment

A significant new feature of the 2025 Global Guide is the inclusion of General Counsel (GC) Tables, offering deep insights into the evolving role of 270 in-house lawyers across key regions, including Africa, Asia-Pacific, Brazil, Canada, Europe, Greater China Region, Latin America, the Middle East, the UK, and the USA. These tables provide a strategic assessment of legal team development and management, focusing on best practices in internal team structuring, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI), and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) initiatives. The insights are further enriched by contributions from private lawyers, offering a comprehensive overview of the relationship between in-house teams and external counsel.

More information on how to participate in future editions will be provided in due course.

Regional Insights

AMECO (Africa, Middle East, and Caribbean Offshore)

Despite conflicts in parts of Africa and the Middle East, AMECO experienced one of its busiest years, with rankings surpassing 2,000 for the first time. Notably, 2158 rankings across 100 jurisdictions reflect the growing importance of this region, with new tables launched in 2025, including:

• Israel Investment Funds
• Mauritius Banking & Finance
• Nigeria Capital Markets and Competition
• Saudi Arabia Public Policy & Regulatory Affairs
• Somalia General Business Law
• UAE Regulatory: Financial Services, TMT (Media, Entertainment & Sport), and Transportation: Aviation

The top firms by Band 1 rankings continue to be largely dominated by international outfits, though leading local firms such as South Africa’s Webber Wentzel and Israel’s FISCHER, Herzog Fox & Neeman, and Meitar also notably feature in the top 10 list.

Also of note, an increased emphasis on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) during the research period led to nearly doubling the number of ranked associates from 50 to 90, further promoting diverse junior lawyer recognition in the region.

Caribbean Market: Renewed Activity and Regulatory Developments

While the Cayman Islands experienced a period of relative quiet since 2023 due to rising interest rates and bank failures, there are early signs of a rebound in key areas such M&A, finance, and securitisation. In response to growing regulatory demands, Cayman law firms have made substantial investments in strengthening their financial regulatory capabilities to better support their clients.

Meanwhile, the British Virgin Islands (BVI) have witnessed notable growth in the funds sector, driven by the popularity of new BVI fund products and the emergence of regulatory challenges in the Cayman Islands, positioning the BVI as an increasingly attractive jurisdiction for fund-related activities.

Africa: Post-Election Recovery and Emerging Opportunities

The African market has shown resilience amidst post-election uncertainty, particularly in South Africa, where initial investor hesitation due to market volatility is gradually giving way to increased activity in transactional markets.

Kenya continues to solidify its status as a technology hub for Eastern Africa, attracting startups that favour efficient dispute resolution mechanisms like arbitration over lengthy court processes. This emphasis on streamlined resolution has created a favourable investment climate, supported by internationally recognised dispute resolution frameworks. Additionally, Kenyan tax litigation remains highly active, driven by the Kenya Revenue Authority’s increasingly assertive approach, resulting in growing client demand in this area.

In Angola, interest from large clients is expanding due to the Lobito Corridor, a key infrastructure project that will enhance transportation for the mining sector while supporting the country’s efforts to diversify its economy, particularly through alternative energy initiatives spearheaded by Middle Eastern investors.

Saudi Arabia and UAE: Regulatory Developments and Market Expansion

The Saudi legal market is undergoing significant transformation with continuous regulatory changes. New policies limit legal advisory work on Saudi law outside the country to 30%, prompting international law firms to establish local offices. These firms are expanding their presence through lateral hires, benefiting from the emergence of a new generation of highly skilled Saudi lawyers.

In the UAE, the alignment of ranking tables with lawyer specialisations has enhanced recognition accuracy. Gender parity has also improved significantly, with female representation exceeding 30% in several areas, although Banking & Finance, Corporate/M&A, and Capital Markets still have room for growth.

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1. Referees Are Critical to Rankings

• Client feedback is one of the most important factor in Chambers research and one of the easiest ways to improve rankings.
• High-quality feedback matters—encourage referees to provide detailed comments rather than simply selecting top scores.

2. Understanding the System’s Limitations

• The user-facing portal differs from what Chambers researchers see, meaning not all inputted information carries over.
• Not all fields matter—focus on name, email, and referring lawyer fields, while fields like physical address and phone number are largely irrelevant.

3. Common Issues and How to Fix Them

• Invalid emails: Ensure referees have chambers.com in their safe senders list and provide the correct email.
• Unsubscribed referees: A written confirmation must be sent to Chambers to re-enable contact.
• The Three-Month Rule: If a referee was contacted recently, they won’t be contacted again unless they explicitly opt in.
• Missing referees: Sometimes, referees don’t appear in the system immediately—wait before taking action.

4. Strategy for Maximizing Referee Impact

• Submit referee lists early—this helps avoid conflicts and ensures Chambers researchers have full visibility.
• Diversify referees—using different referees for different practice areas maximizes feedback opportunities.
• Monitor response rates—track who responded and replace underperforming referees in future submissions.

5. Post-Submission & Research Follow-Up

• Once research begins, send reminders to referees—but space them out in coordination with Chambers’ reminders.
• Use the “Latest Update” feature in the portal to track when referees were last contacted before following up.
• Post-research, contact the researcher sparingly—only for critical issues, as they may already be working on another section.

Looking Ahead

Chambers continuously updates its referee management process, with potential changes to the Three-Month Rule and other enhancements on the horizon. Staying informed and proactive is key to leveraging the system effectively.

For those who missed the webinar or need further clarification, feel free to reach out. Mastering the Chambers referee process can be the difference between staying ranked and moving up the tiers.

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